This study evaluates grade 120 granulated ground blast furnace slag ggbfs and its effect on the properties of hydraulic cement concretes used in structural and pavement construction. Chemical composition of ground granulated blast furnace slag. A light brown to gray crystalline aggregate formed simultaneously with the production of iron in a blast furnace. Comparing properties of concrete containing electric arc. It is narrow at the top and has an arrangement for the introduction of ore and outlet for gases. The hydration process of cement paste blended with ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs was investigated using calorimetric. Approximately 21 million tons of steel industry slag are produced each year in the united states, and many productive commercial uses of slag have been developed e. However, because slag contains heavy metals at concentrations that are higher than in most soil, questions have been raised regarding the need to evaluate the potential human health and environmental. The result was the main product of the iron works, wrought iron merchant bars. Development of engineered cementitious composites with. The blast air causes the iron oxides, flux, and coke to react and iron, carbon monoxide and blast furnace slag is produced. Blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate mf 1638 a.
Characterization of ladle furnace slag from carbon steel. Therefore, in order to confirm the possibility of using electric arc furnace eaf oxidizing slag as a binder, a comparative assessment of the mechanical properties of concrete containing electric arc furnace oxidizing slag, steelmaking slag, and granulated blast furnace gbf slag was performed. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from a coarse, popcornlike friable structure greater than 4. The replacement of portland cement by limestone powder and bfs can lower the cost and enhance the greenness of concrete, since the production of these two materials needs less energy and causes less co 2 emission than portland cement. Iron is manufactured from iron ore which is a mixture of oxides of iron, silica and alumina. Blast furnace gas it is the byproduct of blast furnaces that is generated when the iron ore is reduced with coke to produce molten iron. Treatments and recycling of metallurgical slags intechopen. The crushed ore is systematically fed into a blast furnace. Chemical composition of the bf slag provided by the iron plant of the baotou iron and steel company wt%. Iron blast furnace slag blast furnace slag is defined by the american society for testing and materials as the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. Significant amounts of blast furnace slag bfs are generated daily as byproduct from iron and steel industries. Grinding reduces the particle size to cement fineness. This waste material usually has interesting physical properties and mineralogical and chemical composition, which can be useful as granular aggregate in the production of hot mix asphalt hma. Several mix designs, structural and pavement, were used for this evaluation with varying amounts of ggbfs used as a substitution for cement.
How can one distinguish between ground granulated blast furnace slag and iron slag. The flowcharacteristic of blast furnace slags is strongly influenced by the extent of reduction of iron oxide at low temperature in the granular zone besides being influenced by the composition, and the quality and the quantity of the gangue in the iron bearing materials. This specification covers three strength grades of finely ground granulated blastfurnace slag grades 80, 100, and 120 for use as a cementitious material in concrete and mortars. Page 2 blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate part i properties of blast furnace slag our natural aggregates, such as stone and gravel of suitable quality for concrete making, are rapidly becoming depleted in many localities. The composition of slag essentially depends on the raw materials used in the iron production process. Evaluation of grade 120 granulated ground blast furnace slag. Chemical composition of granulated blast furnace slag % by mass. Daube j, bakker r 1983 portland blastfurnace slag cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. In 2006, bfs was put forward for consideration by the waste protocols project which aimed to establish the point at which bfs ceased to be waste.
Kg a889 wb admixture lt group 2 mix cement super 20. May 09, 2018 chemical composition of ground granulated blast furnace slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs chemical. Physical and chemical characteristics of blast furnace, basic. May 03, 2010 blast furnace modern furnaces are equipped with an array of supporting facilities to increase efficiency, such as ore storage yards where barges are unloaded. It consists of nonferrous components contained in the iron ore together with limestone as an auxiliary materials and ash from coke.
Chemistry of the ironmaking by blast furnace process. Pelletized blast furnace slag, in contrast to aircooled and expanded blast furnace slag. Is chemical analysis important or is there another method. Preparation and properties of blast furnace slag glass ceramics. Blast furnace slag is formed when iron ore or iron pellets, coke and a flux either limestone or dolomite are melted together in a blast furnace. Cdic can now conduct more than 100 mechanical tests, out of which, 55 tests come under the nabl accreditation. The spe ific sur 5 face area of the granulated slag was 270 m2kg or 400 m kg and was 500 m2kg when used with fadmixture. Blast furnace slag material description origin in the production of iron, iron ore, iron scrap, and fluxes limestone andor dolomite are charged into a blast furnace along with coke for fuel. Material classification for iron blast blast furnace slag. Processing of granulated blast furnace slag and its. Chemical composition of iron and steel slag the primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone cao and silica sio 2. For blast furnace slag, rapid cooling results in a noncrystalline structure with a high amount of glass, which is responsible for its hydraulic activity. Effect of ground granulated blastfurnace slag on the hydration and. Based on the observation of changes of chemical composition, pore structure and mechanical properties of the test specimens, a high acidic resistance was.
Investigation of the hydration of portland blastfurnace slag cement. This paper reports the influence of varying curing durations on the chloride ingress resistance of slag blends. The comprehensive utilization of steel slag in agricultural. Blast furnace crystallized slags are used in cement production, in different. Property comparison of alkaliactivated carbon steel slag. Activation of blast furnace slag by some inorganic materials. Ggbfs is divided into three classifications based on its activity index.
Blast furnace modern furnaces are equipped with an array of supporting facilities to increase efficiency, such as ore storage yards where barges are. Samples were prepared by combining two slags s1 and s2 with cem i 525r cement at 3. Basic slag is a coproduct of steelmaking, and is typically produced either through the blast furnace oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace ladle furnace route. Water free fulltext the use of blast furnace slag for. Blast furnace slag is mostly an amorphous product, comprising little amounts of crystalline phases such as akermanite ca 2 mgsi 2 o 7, merwinite ca 3 mgsi 2 o 8, or quartz sio 2. Free power how to convert an old washing machine into a water powered generator duration. Iron forge in colonial america by harry schenawolf. The addition of blast furnace slag into cement avoids a part of limestone and coal extraction and makes it possible to diminish the co 2 emissions that cause environment pollution. Extraction of ironmetallurgyfools goldreaction occur. The coke is combusted to produce carbon monoxide, which reduces the iron ore to a molten iron product. Moreover, deep bluegreen color shown by interior part of slag concrete and can be noticed from slag concrete broken parts, for example, after compressive strength test.
The blast furnace slag used in this investigation was either granulated slag or pelletized slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is designated in astm c 989 and consists mainly of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium. Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina alsub2 o 3 and magnesium oxide mgo, as well as a small amount of sulfur s, while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide feo and magnesium oxide mgo. The slag shall contain no additions and shall conform to the sulfide sulfur and sulfate chemical composition requirement. Interest in using bf slag has arisen because it is readily available, cheap, and most often produced and stored with environmental. On the other hand, the study conducted by with surface application of steel slag, blast furnace slag, ladle furnace slag, and stainless steel slag at the installation of the notillage system presented that the ladle furnace slag, stainless steel slag, and steel slag had similar efficiency to the lime in the neutralization of soil acidity at 24. Due to light color of blast furnace slag, color of slag concrete is lighter in comparison with conventional concrete. Nov 24, 2014 free power how to convert an old washing machine into a water powered generator duration. A wide variety of blast furnace slag options are available to you, there are 765 suppliers who sells blast furnace slag on, mainly located in asia. The molten iron and blastfurnace slag is collected at the base of the furnace, while the gases are recirculated for fuel in the sinter process, after. A technical advisory group tag was set up to bring together representatives from the environment agency, wrap and industry. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material, and its particle distribution, shape, and grain size vary, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from popcornlike friable particles to dense, sandsize grains. This waste material usually has interesting physical properties and mineralogical and chemical composition, which can be useful as granular aggregate in.
In this video, students can learn extraction of iron from haematite, fools gold,using blast furnace with all concept in an easy way for the preparation of class 11,iit, neet, class 12 and other. In order to compare the properties of alkaliactivated carbon steel slag css and stainless steel slag sss, the effects of sodium hydroxidesodium silicate solution mass ratio nhns, liquidsolid ratio and blast furnace slag bfs dosage on the compressive. Granulated ground blast furnace slag ggbfs is a key constituent of cem iias, cem iibs and cem iii cements. There are four types of iron and steel industry slags, namely, the blast furnace bf.
When the metallurgical smelting process is complete, the lime in the flux has been chemically combined with the aluminates and silicates of the ore and coke ash to form a nonmetallic product called blast furnace slag. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete. This chapter is focused on the chemical composition, structural characteristics, thermal. Behavior of hotmix asphalt containing blast furnace slag as. Jun 21, 2011 granulated ground blast furnace slag ggbfs is a key constituent of cem iias, cem iibs and cem iii cements. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. Samples were prepared by combining two slags s1 and s2 with cem i.
By working from the center outward, excess slag was squeezed to the ends of the bars. Download table chemical composition of granulated blast furnace slag % by. Blast furnace slag as a by product background the status of blast furnace slag bfs has been disputed with industry for a number of years. Jan 01, 2020 sswactivated slag pastes evolve significantly less heat up to 7 days than a typical roomtemperaturecured pc paste but similar when heat is normalized by compressive strength.
The effect of slag composition and curing duration on the. It is important to have in mind that blast furnace slags present particular hydraulic properties. Appendix a contains a list of tag members and appendix b gives its terms of reference. Sswactivated slag pastes evolve significantly less heat up to 7 days than a typical roomtemperaturecured pc paste but similar when heat is normalized by compressive strength.
Application of fresh iron and steel slags as an alternative to standard materials. The molten iron and blast furnace slag is collected at the base of the furnace, while the gases are recirculated for fuel in the sinter process, after separation of particulate material cooper, 2005. Example of the chemical composition of the crystalline blast furnace slag materials 08 mm produced in oxelosund and lulea. Activation of blast furnace slag with soda production waste. Iron blastfurnace slag blastfurnace slag is defined by the american society for testing and materials as the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. In order to investigate the chemical and phase composition of the lf slag, the. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. How can one distinguish between ground granulated blast. The blast air causes the iron oxides, flux, and coke to react and iron, carbon monoxide and blastfurnace slag is produced. The slag can also be used to create fibers used as an insulation material called slag wool. The formation of all kinds of minerals in slag is influenced by the cooling rate and slag chemical composition. Material classification for iron blast furnace slag bfs inert blast furnace slag iron blast furnace slag bfs is a byproduct of the iron making process.
This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. The main composition of bf slag depends on the iron ore and the added flux, normally with a typical composition of calcium oxide 2835 mass% and silica 3035 mass%, with the rest being al 2 o 3 and mgo. Example of the chemical composition of the crystalline blast furnace slag materials 08 mm produced in oxelosund and lulea 23. The hammering process welded and elongated the iron crystals. The sca is proud to promote the use of slag cement to ready mix producers and industry professionals who understand the durable and sustainable benefits of slag cement in producing high quality concrete. Blast furnace slag material description user guidelines. Typical chemical composition contains calcium oxide 40%, silica 35%, alumina % and magnesia 8%.
Cao ht, bucea l, ray a, yozghatlian s 1997 the effect of cement composition and. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. Use of blastfurnace slags as sand and gravel for the construction of road beds, basic filler in asphaltconcrete mixtures for the construction of road and airport coatings, unroasted cement binder for reinforcing roadways and preparing slowsetting concrete. Material availability and supply is an important factor to the timeline and budget of any project.
The efficiency, which the molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as well as the chemical composition of the slag source, largely determines its cementitious properties for use in concrete. Sep 06, 2016 the hammering process welded and elongated the iron crystals. Liquid iron hot metal is produced in a blast furnace from the burden materials through a series of chemical reactions which are taking place at various levels in a blast furnace. Blastfurnace slag article about blastfurnace slag by the. Nowadays limestone powder and blast furnace slag bfs are widely used in concrete as blended materials in cement. Group 1 and group 2 mixesgroup 1 and group 2 mixes admix group 1 cement wb lt wrd mix no. Blast furnace slag bfs is a product of iron production, which has been widely investigated and utilized, particularly as a supplementary cementitious material for cement or alkaliactivated material, owing to its high hydraulic property or alkali activation reactivity. Blast furnace it is a tall cylindrical furnace made of steel. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement.
Blast furnace slag bfs is a product of iron production, which has been widely investigated and. As in the blast furnace, slag acted as a flux to reduce oxidization while the iron was welded together. Blast furnace slag is recovered by melting separation from blast furnaces that produce molten pig iron. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing. Analysis of slag flow in blast furnace during the extraction.
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